What it is

ACL reconstruction is a surgical procedure to replace a torn anterior cruciate ligament in the knee. The ACL is critical for knee stability, particularly for pivoting and rotational movements common in sports. During the procedure, the torn ACL is replaced with a graft, often harvested from the patient's hamstring, patellar tendon, or a donor. ACL reconstruction is essential for active individuals and athletes who seek to restore knee function and return to high-level physical activities.

Symptoms it treats

ACL reconstruction is typically required for patients who experience:

• Instability in the knee, particularly during pivoting, turning, or twisting
• Swelling and knee pain following an injury
• Limited knee movement and inability to bear weight
• Difficulty performing activities requiring knee stability

Postoperative care

The recovery process for ACL reconstruction is extensive and includes:

• Use of crutches and possibly a brace during initial healing
• Physical therapy starting with range of motion exercises, followed by strength and stability training
• Gradual return to sports or high-impact activities, often 6–12 months post-surgery

Risks and complications

ACL reconstruction is a common procedure, but risks can include:

• Infection or blood clots
• Graft failure or re-injury if physical activity is resumed prematurely
• Persistent knee instability if rehabilitation is inadequate
• Pain or weakness at the graft site