What it is

Partial knee replacement, or unicompartmental knee replacement, is a less invasive surgical alternative to total knee replacement that targets only the damaged section of the knee. In patients where arthritis or damage is limited to a specific compartment (usually the inner or medial side), the surgeon preserves the healthy bone and ligaments in other compartments of the knee. A partial knee replacement involves inserting a smaller prosthetic implant in just the affected area, which results in a more natural knee movement post-surgery. This technique is ideal for individuals with early-stage osteoarthritis who wish to delay or avoid the need for a total knee replacement. Since it retains much of the original knee structure, patients often experience a quicker recovery and improved range of motion compared to a full knee replacement.

Symptoms it treats

Partial knee replacement is recommended for patients whose arthritis or joint degeneration is confined to one section of the knee. Symptoms that may indicate suitability for this procedure include:

• Arthritis pain confined to one area of the knee
• Limited knee movement or stiffness affecting certain activities
• Pain with weight-bearing on the affected side of the knee

Postoperative care

Following a partial knee replacement, postoperative care is generally less intensive compared to a full knee replacement. Care may include:

• Patients often experience faster recovery and less pain compared to total knee replacement
• Physical therapy focuses on strength and flexibility to restore natural knee movement
• Pain management may include medications, ice therapy, and gradual return to daily activities.

Risks and complications

While partial knee replacement is less invasive, there are still potential risks and complications. Patients should be informed of the following:

• Higher risk of needing further surgery if arthritis spreads
• Infection or blood clots similar to total knee replacement
• Residual pain if the arthritis advances
• Implant loosening or wearing down over time